Who should contribute to the climate transition? Who is, and who can be included? Local examples from Sweden, Netherlands & Spain connected to a just energy transition, with a multi-level governance perspective (local, regional, national, EU, global), in the EU Mission “100 climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030”. Examples from three current NetZeroCities Pilots, justice as a pre-condition for energy transition in Sweden, large-scale refurbishment in Spain, and local Smart Energy Grid in Netherlands.